In vitro antibiofilm activity of eggshells derived nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans

Nursyamimi Nasuha Suhaimi; Nur Hazirah Tarmizi; Nur Farahim Zulkifli; Nur Ili Aqilah Amana Allah; Fakhrul Aimanulhakim Harun; Siti Nur’aisyah Muhamad Hanafee; Nur Ayunie Zulkepli; Fatimah Salim; Norehan Mokhtar

doi:10.51511/pr.84

Nursyamimi Nasuha Suhaimi Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam
Nur Hazirah Tarmizi Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Farahim Zulkifli Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Ili Aqilah Amana Allah Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Fakhrul Aimanulhakim Harun Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Siti Nur’aisyah Muhamad Hanafee Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Nur Ayunie Zulkepli (1) Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. (2) Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Fatimah Salim Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery Universiti Teknologi MARA
Norehan Mokhtar Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang.

Keywords: biofilm, dental caries, eggshells, hydroxyapatite, oral pathogens

Abstract

Dental caries, a highly prevalent oral health condition worldwide, is primarily driven by the biofilm-forming abilities of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. The interest in eggshell extracts has grown in recent years due to their potential benefits for oral health. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from eggshells in combating bacterial infections and inhibiting biofilm formation by the selected cariogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the nano-hydroxyapatite extract was initially assessed using the agar well diffusion method. Subsequently, biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet assays, and the disruption of biofilm structure was visualized under a light microscope. The findings indicated that the nano-hydroxyapatite extract lacked antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of both S. aureus and S. mutans. However, the extract demonstrated antibiofilm activity against mono-species biofilms, with observed disruption of biofilm formation upon treatment. As a result, nano-hydroxyapatite extracts derived from eggshells may hold potential as agents for inhibiting biofilm formation associated with dental caries.

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