Concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract against Propionibacterium acnes

Indri Yani; La Hamidu; Made Laksmi Meiliana

doi:10.51511/pr.112

Indri Yani Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Adila
La Hamidu Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Adila
Made Laksmi Meiliana Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Adila

Keywords: acne vulgaris, antibacterial activity, disc diffusion method, propionibacterium acnes, ruellia tuberosa

Abstract

Acne vulgaris, primarily caused by Propionibacterium acnes, affects millions globally, yet current antibiotic treatments face increasing resistance. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf ethanol extract against P. acnes ATCC 6919 using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. Five extract concentrations (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% w/v) were tested alongside negative control (distilled water) and positive control (0.1% clindamycin) in quadruplicate. Results demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones increasing from 5.00 ± 1.30 mm (15%, weak) to 11.81 ± 0.84 mm (35%, strong), compared to 22.05 ± 0.27 mm for clindamycin. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among groups (p < 0.001), with Tukey post-hoc analysis confirming progressive activity increases from 15% to 30%, but no significant difference between 30% and 35% (p > 0.05). These findings provide preliminary evidence that Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract possesses antibacterial potential against P. acnes, warranting further investigation for botanical anti-acne formulation development.

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