Revolutionizing the fight against antimicrobial resistance with artificial intelligence

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, artificial intelligence, rapid diagnosis, predicting resistance patterns, new treatment identification

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, responsible for millions of deaths annually. Current efforts to combat AMR include antibiotic stewardship programs, infection prevention and control measures, and the development of new antimicrobial agents. However, traditional laboratory techniques used to identify antibiotic-resistant genes are inadequate. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to combat AMR, potentially facilitating rapid diagnosis, predicting antibiotic resistance patterns, and identifying new treatments. AI can analyze large amounts of data from various sources and identify patterns and correlations that humans may miss. However, there are potential challenges and risks associated with implementing AI in the fight against AMR, including ethical concerns and data quality issues.

References

Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0

O'Neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final Report and Recommendation. Arch Pharm Pract. 2016;7(3):110. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-080X.186181

Kusuma IY, Matuz M, Bordás R, et al. Antibiotic use in elderly patients in ambulatory care: A comparison between Hungary and Sweden. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1042418. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1042418

Benko R, Matuz M, Silva A, et al. Cross-national comparison of paediatric antibiotic use in Norway, Portugal and Hungary. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(6):722-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13198

Miljković N, Polidori P, Kohl S. Managing antibiotic shortages: lessons from EAHP and ECDC surveys. Eur J Hosp Pharm Sci Pract. 2022;29(2):90-94. doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003110. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003110

Bilal H, Khan MN, Rehman T, Hameed MF, Yang X. Antibiotic resistance in Pakistan: a systematic review of past decade. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05906-1

Kusuma IY, Pratiwi H, Pitaloka DAE. Role of Pharmacists in Antimicrobial Stewardship During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc. Published online 2022:2605-2614. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S385170

Huang GKL, Stewardson AJ, Grayson ML. Back to basics: hand hygiene and isolation. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014;27(4):379. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000080

Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Combating High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates. Antibiotics. 2022;11(6):784. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060784

Miethke M, Pieroni M, Weber T, et al. Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics. Nat Rev Chem. 2021;5(10):726-749. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-021-00313-1

Gupta C, Johri I, Srinivasan K, Hu YC, Qaisar SM, Huang KY. A systematic review on machine learning and deep learning models for electronic information security in mobile networks. Sensors. 2022;22(5):2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052017

Ali T, Ahmed S, Aslam M. Artificial Intelligence for Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction: Challenges and Opportunities towards Practical Implementation. Antibiotics. 2023;12(3):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030523

Davis JJ, Boisvert S, Brettin T, et al. Antimicrobial resistance prediction in PATRIC and RAST. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27930

Tran MH, Nguyen NQ, Pham HT. A New Hope in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance with Artificial Intelligence. Infect Drug Resist. Published online 2022:2685-2688. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S362356

Wang H, Jia C, Li H, et al. Paving the way for precise diagnostics of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.976705

Boolchandani M, D'Souza AW, Dantas G. Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(6):356-370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0108-4

Macesic N, Polubriaginof F, Tatonetti NP. Machine learning: novel bioinformatics approaches for combating antimicrobial resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(6):511-517. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000406

Khaledi A, Schniederjans M, Pohl S, et al. Transcriptome profiling of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(8):4722-4733. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00075-16

Weinstein ZB, Bender A, Cokol M. Prediction of synergistic drug combinations. Curr Opin Syst Biol. 2017;4:24-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coisb.2017.05.005

Nava Lara RA, Aguilera-Mendoza L, Brizuela CA, Peña A, Del Rio G. Heterologous machine learning for the identification of antimicrobial activity in Human-Targeted drugs. Molecules. 2019;24(7):1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071258

Lv J, Deng S, Zhang L. A review of artificial intelligence applications for antimicrobial resistance. Biosaf Health. 2021;3(01):22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.08.003

Arango-Argoty G, Garner E, Pruden A, Heath LS, Vikesland P, Zhang L. DeepARG: a deep learning approach for predicting antibiotic resistance genes from metagenomic data. Microbiome. 2018;6:1-15.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0401-z

Post B, Badea C, Faisal A, Brett SJ. Breaking bad news in the era of artificial intelligence and algorithmic medicine: an exploration of disclosure and its ethical justification using the hedonic calculus. AI Ethics. Published online 2022:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00230-z

Published
2023-08-26
How to Cite
Kusuma, I. Y. (2023). Revolutionizing the fight against antimicrobial resistance with artificial intelligence. Pharmacy Reports, 3(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.51511/pr.53